Suppose VV and WW are both finite-dimensional. Prove that there exists a surjective linear map from VV onto WW if and only if dimVdimW\dim V \ge \dim W.


First suppose TL(V,W)T \in \mathcal L(V,W) is surjective, meaning range T=W\text{range }T = W, combine this with 3.22 to get

dimV=dimrange T+dimnull Tdimrange T=dimW\dim V = \dim \text{range }T + \dim \text{null }T \le \dim \text{range }T = \dim W

Which completes the forward direction.

Now suppose dimVdimW\dim V \ge \dim W, let v1,,vnv_1,\dots,v_n be a basis for VV and w1,,wmw_1,\dots,w_m be a basis for WW. Define Tvj=wjTv_j = w_j for 1jm1 \le j \le m and define Tvj=0Tv_j = 0 for m<jnm < j \le n.
TT is clearly surjective as

range T=span(Tv1,,Tvn)=span(w1,,wm)=W\text{range }T = \text{span}(Tv_1,\dots,Tv_n) = \text{span}(w_1,\dots,w_m) = W

which completes the proof.