Suppose VV is finite dimensional, with dimV=n1\dim V = n \ge 1. Prove that there exist 1-dimensional subspaces U1,,UnU_1,\dots,U_n of VV such that

V=U1UnV = U_1 \oplus \dots \oplus U_n

Let v1,,vnv_1,\dots,v_n be a basis for VV, and set Uj=span(vj)U_j = \text{span}(v_j).

Apply 1.44 and note that

0=u1+=un=a1v1++anvn0 = u_1 + \dots = u_n = a_1v_1 + \dots + a_nv_n

implies every aj=0a_j = 0 by independence, thus each uj=0u_j = 0 as desired and we have a direct sum.